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Amaravati Marbles
The Amarāvatī Collection, sometimes called the Amaravati Marbles, is a series of 120 sculptures and inscriptions in the British Museum from the Amarāvatī mahācetiya in Amaravathi village, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. The Amarāvatī material entered the Museum's collection in the 1880s. The Amarāvatī sculptures have also been called the Elliot Marbles on account of their association in with Sir Walter Elliot in the 1840s.
==Description==
The Amarāvatī collection in the British Museum consists of over 120 different pieces made from a limestone called Palnad marble, although the material is certainly not marble and the source of the stone in the Palnad quarry not decisively proven.
The figurative sculptures are nearly all in relief, with many of the most crowded scenes illustrating some of the Jataka tales, a large body of literature with complex accounts of the previous lives of the Buddha. The collection in the museum in Chennai (formerly Madras) has a large number of sculptures in relief, which they have classified by four periods of activity starting in the second century BC and stretching to the second century AD. The first period covers the 100 years between 200 and 100 BC, the second period covers 200 years from 100 BC to AD 100, the third covers AD 100 to 150, and the fourth covers 150 to 200. Early interest in the stupa and its sculptures was in part because it was wrongly thought to contain early evidence of Christianity in India.〔( Buddhist Sculptures ), Government Museum, Chennai, retrieved 21 December 2013〕
The segments can be divided into a number of categories, including parts of the stupa's toranas or gateways, and the symbolic wall connecting them, and parts of the stone facing of the mound dome of the stupa itself. They include pillars, crossbars and copings, drum frieze panels and slabs, pillar fragments, two guardian lions and a number of miscellaneous pieces, some of which date from later periods. In total, they represent one of the most important collections of ancient Indian sculpture outside the sub-continent.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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